This research focuses on the assessment of Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment applications. The efficiency of these membranes in removing various pollutants from municipal wastewater is analyzed. Factors such as transmembrane pressure, supply flow rate, and operational temperature are optimiz

Precision agriculture is increasingly relying on innovative techniques to enhance crop yields while minimizing water consumption. One such promising approach involves the utilization of nano-bubbles, tiny air pockets encapsulated within a liquid medium. These subatomic bubbles possess unique physicochemical properties that can revolutionize irrigat